Brand Spectrometer · measurement vocabulary

The words on your readout

Plain-language definitions for the terms the instrument puts in front of you — framed by what they mean on your readout, not in the theory. For the full conceptual glossary, see the Spectral Brand Theory glossary.

The reading
Reflection

One reading off one public signal — a single artifact (a review, a post, a press piece) read once, across all eight dimensions at once. It is the instrument's raw unit; an audience's line is built by aggregating many reflections, never by profiling any person.

Cohort (audience)

The group of signals that stay together across all eight filters — a pattern in the full picture, not a demographic segment. You set how finely to group them.

Atlas

The instrument's full saved output for one brand and one dated window: every audience line, its intervals, the noise floors, and the list of signals behind it. A published atlas re-derives byte-for-byte from open code and data.

The display
Spread band

The shaded band from the lowest to the highest audience on a dimension — the size of the disagreement between audiences.

Valence

Which way an audience leans on a dimension: the dot slides from −1 (negative, left) to +1 (positive, right). Strength is the line's height; valence is the dot.

The floors
Noise floor

How far a reading would move for reasons other than the audience — measured two ways: the operator floor (read the same signals with a different model pair) and the source floor (drop some signals and resample). A difference only counts if it clears the larger floor.

Signal-to-noise (resolution)

An audience gap divided by the noise floor. Above 2 it is resolved; 1–2 is marginal; below 1 is sub-resolution — reported as "can't tell," never as a finding.

Version floor

The across-time cousin of the operator floor: how far readings move when only the model version changes. Measured by re-reading a frozen, byte-identical panel of signals across model versions (the PRISM-T measurement). A change between two dated readings counts as brand movement only if it clears this floor too, not just the operator floor.

Model epoch

The stamp that says which model-version era a reading was taken in, together with the version floor measured for that era. Epoch-stamped readings let a later reader ask "did the brand move, or did the model change?" — and get a measured answer instead of a guess.

Across audiences
Metameric degree

How similar two audiences are in shape across the eight bands. Two audiences can share a shape yet still differ in magnitude — which a distribution-level test can still resolve.

Distribution-level separation

Comparing two audiences as whole clouds, not just their averages — it recovers magnitude differences a shape-only reading misses. A pair is called apart only when three checks agree: a corrected permutation test, signal-to-noise above 1, and above-chance classification.

Emission unit vs measurement unit: a brand emits signals; the instrument records reflections (a signal read through one artifact). They are distinct — see the full glossary for both.

Where these words appear

See them on a live readout

Every term above is drawn, not just defined: the reading guide walks the detail dial from one number to the full instrument, and the tool itself opens with a real worked example you can explore straight away.

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Measurement instrument for how a brand is perceived — not a verdict on what it "is." Code open-source (MIT); theory CC BY 4.0. No brand assets reproduced (nominative use).